PROTOGÈNE RUVUGAYIMIKORE

Designation: Commander of the FDLR special unit “Commando de recherche et d'action en profondeur” (CRAP) Now called Maccabe). Listed pursuant to paragraphs 7 (b), 7 (e), and 7 (h) of resolution 2293 (2016) as “being political and military leaders of foreign armed groups operating in the DRC who impede the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation or resettlement of combatants belonging to those groups”; “committing acts in the DRC that constitute human rights violations or abuses or violations of international humanitarian law, as applicable, including those acts involving the targeting of civilians, including killing and maiming, rape and other sexual violence, abduction, forced displacement, and attacks on schools and hospitals”; and “acting on behalf of or at the direction of a designated individual or entity, or acting on behalf of or at the direction of an entity owned or controlled by a designated individual or entity”, as reaffirmed by paragraph 2 of resolution 2688 (2023). As a leader of FDLR ), he has effective command and control over the group’s combatants.

The FDLR-FOCA, including the Maccabé group, contributes to the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through violence and serious human rights abuses, including attacks on civilians, killings, violence against children, rapes and other acts of sexual violence.

Owing to his leading position in the FDLR-FOCA, Ruvugayimikore Protogène is therefore involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.

Function or profession: leader of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda – Forces Combattantes Abacunguzi (FDLR-FOCA); leader of the Maccabé group (formerly Commando de recherche et d’action en profondeur (CRAP)) of the FDLR-FOCA

Ruvugayimikore Protogène is a leader of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda – Forces Combattantes Abacunguzi (FDLR-FOCA), a non-governmental armed group operating in the Eastern DRC. He leads, in particular, the Maccabé group (formerly known as the Commando de recherche et d’action en profondeur (CRAP)) of the FDLR-FOCA.

Listed pursuant to paragraphs 7 (b), 7 (e), and 7 (h) of resolution 2293 (2016) as “being political and military leaders of foreign armed groups operating in the DRC who impede the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation or resettlement of combatants belonging to those groups”; “committing acts in the DRC that constitute human rights violations or abuses or violations of international humanitarian law, as applicable, including those acts involving the targeting of civilians, including killing and maiming, rape and other sexual violence, abduction, forced displacement, and attacks on schools and hospitals”; and “acting on behalf of or at the direction of a designated individual or entity, or acting on behalf of or at the direction of an entity owned or controlled by a designated individual or entity”, as reaffirmed by paragraph 2 of resolution 2688 (2023). As a leader of FDLR (CDe.005), he has effective command and control over the group’s combatants.

Designation: Commander of the FDLR special unit “Commando de recherche et d'action en profondeur” (CRAP) (now called Maccabe)

Inscrit sur la liste conformément au paragraphe 7, points b), e) et h), de la résolution 2293 (2016) en tant que personne “appart[enan]t à la direction politique ou militaire de groupes armés étrangers opérant en République démocratique du Congo qui font obstacle au désarmement et au rapatriement ou à la réinstallation volontaires des combattants appartenant à ces groupes”; “préparent, donnent l'ordre de commettre ou commettent en République démocratique du Congo des actes qui constituent des violations des droits de l'homme ou atteintes à ces droits ou des violations du droit international humanitaire, selon le cas, notamment des actes dirigés contre des civils, y compris des meurtres et mutilations, des viols et d'autres violences sexuelles, des enlèvements, des déplacements forcés et des attaques contre des écoles et des hôpitaux”; et “agiss[a]nt au nom ou sur instruction d'une personne ou d'une entité désignée ou agiss[a]nt au nom ou sur instruction d'une entité qui appartient à une personne désignée ou qu'elle contrôle”, conformément à ce qui a été réaffirmé au paragraphe 2 de la résolution 2688 (2023). En tant que dirigeant des FDRL, il assure le commandement et le contrôle effectifs des combattants de ce groupe.».

Listed pursuant to paragraphs 7 (b), 7 (e), and 7 (h) of resolution 2293 (2016) as “being political and military leaders of foreign armed groups operating in the DRC who impede the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation or resettlement of combatants belonging to those groups”; “committing acts in the DRC that constitute human rights violations or abuses or violations of international humanitarian law, as applicable, including those acts involving the targeting of civilians, including killing and maiming, rape and other sexual violence, abduction, forced displacement, and attacks on schools and hospitals”; and “acting on behalf of or at the direction of a designated individual or entity, or acting on behalf of or at the direction of an entity owned or controlled by a designated individual or entity”, as reaffirmed by paragraph 2 of resolution 2688 (2023). As a leader of FDLR (CDe.005), he has effective command and control over the group’s combatants.

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安保理決議第2293号（2016年）７

に基づき、「コンゴ民主共和国で活動する外国武装グループの政治的・軍事的指導者であり、それらのグループに属する戦闘員の武装解除と自発的な本国帰還又は再定住を妨げており」、「コンゴ民主共和国において、人権侵害や虐待、国際人道法違反に該当する行為を行い、殺害や傷害、強姦及びその他の性的暴力、拉致、強制移動、学校や病院への攻撃など、民間人を標的とする行為が含まれ」、安保理決議第2688号（2023年）２で再確認されたように、「指定された個人又は団体を代表して、若しくはその指示を受けて行動すること、又は指定された個人又は団体が所有若しくは支配する団体を代表して、若しくはその指示を受けて行動すること」に該当するものとしてリストに掲載されている。FDLR（Ｂ．団体とその他のグループ．５）の指導者として、同人は同グループの戦闘員を実質的に指揮・統制している。

Listed pursuant to paragraphs 7 (b), 7 (e), and 7 (h) of resolution 2293 (2016) as “being political and military leaders of foreign armed groups operating in the DRC who impede the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation or resettlement of combatants belonging to those groups”; “committing acts in the DRC that constitute human rights violations or abuses or violations of international humanitarian law, as applicable, including those acts involving the targeting of civilians, including killing and maiming, rape and other sexual violence, abduction, forced displacement, and attacks on schools and hospitals”; and “acting on behalf of or at the direction of a designated individual or entity, or acting on behalf of or at the direction of an entity owned or controlled by a designated individual or entity”, as reaffirmed by paragraph 2 of resolution 2688 (2023). As a leader of FDLR (CDe.005), he has effective command and control over the group’s combatants.

Listed pursuant to paragraphs 7 (b), 7 (e), and 7 (h) of resolution 2293 (2016) as “being political and military leaders of foreign armed groups operating in the DRC who impede the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation or resettlement of combatants belonging to those groups”; “committing acts in the DRC that constitute human rights violations or abuses or violations of international humanitarian law, as applicable, including those acts involving the targeting of civilians, including killing and maiming, rape and other sexual violence, abduction, forced displacement, and attacks on schools and hospitals”; and “acting on behalf of or at the direction of a designated individual or entity, or acting on behalf of or at the direction of an entity owned or controlled by a designated individual or entity”, as reaffirmed by paragraph 2 of resolution 2688 (2023). As a leader of FDLR (CDe.005), he has effective command and control over the group’s combatants. No additional information.